
Rats! What Did The Pioneers Do to Thwart Vermin Infestations?
“Rats!” The one-word exclamation once rang out to express annoyance or irritation. The utterance wasn’t necessarily directed at rodents, the highly opportunistic rodents who follow humans closely. Common brown rats, known today as “sewer rats”, arrived in eastern seaports in the mid-1700s, just in time to hitch rides during westward movement. Life for the pioneers was


















